An Account of University Professors’ Perceptions of Educational Knowledge and Pedagogical Skills in an Individual and Online Learning Education System: A Comparative Study

The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 led to many changes people’s lifestyles and governments’ policies worldwide. In education area, there has been an increase use online learning due necessity social distancing interruption transmission information. present study aimed determine differences between in-person systems regarding teachers’ perceptions educational knowledge pedagogical skills during pandemic. total, 1,500 teachers were selected from universities with classes 1,400 instructors chosen cities Tehran, Shiraz, Isfahan, Yazd, Tabriz, Ahvaz, Zanjan, Arak, Iran, 2022. Notably, active fields general business English. Overall, a questionnaire including 30 items was applied, each item scored based on their using 5-point Likert scale. Data analysis performed MANOVA. According results, significant difference English skills. Similar results obtained for teachers. fact, had higher perception compared universities.